Andaman and Nicobar Islands

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The Andaman and Nicobar Islands, an Indian Union Territory located in the Bay of Bengal, constitute a picturesque archipelago of over 572 islands, renowned for their 86% forest cover, stunning beaches, and rich biodiversity. The capital is Sri Vijaya Puram (formerly Port Blair). Separated by the 10′ N parallel, the islands are split into the Andaman and Nicobar groups, offering a blend of tropical beauty, rich indigenous culture, and a significant colonial history as a former penal colony.

Key Features and Highlights

Geography: Situated between 6° and 14° North Latitude, these islands form a continuous chain from north to south, stretching over 800 km.
Administration: Governed directly by India’s central government through a Lieutenant Governor, it became a Union Territory in 1956.
Environment: The region is known for its biodiversity, with 94% of the land covered by forest and tropical rainforests.
Indigenous Tribes: Home to several tribes, including the Negrito (e.g., Jarawa, Sentinelese) and Mongoloid (e.g., Nicobarese) groups.
Tourism: Top attractions include the Cellular Jail (Kala Pani) in Port Blair, Havelock Island (Swaraj Dweep), Ross Island (Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Dweep), and various activities like snorkeling, scuba diving, and trekking.
Climate: Tropical climate with significant rainfall from both southwest and northeast monsoons.

Brief History

Colonial Period: The British established a penal settlement in the 19th century, constructing the infamous Cellular Jail (1896-1910) to imprison freedom fighters.
WWII: Occupied by Japan between 1942 and 1945.
Independence: Became part of the Indian Union in 1950.
2004 Tsunami: The islands were heavily affected by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami.